Neuropathology

Program Director Toolkit Directory

Neuropathology
General neuropathology and histology of CNS

Stains, tissue preparation

Cells, inclusion bodies, general

Cellular reactions to CNS injury

Edema

Tissue reaction to CNS injury and herniations

Nervous system development, developmental pathology

Fetal development

Neural tube defects

Cleavage disorders

Migrational disorders

Cranium malformations

Chromosome disorders

Genetic disorders

Hydrocephalus

Perinatal brain injury

Disorders of hindbrain development

Lesions of developing grey matter

Lesions of developing white matter infectious disease

Bacterial infections

Tuberculosis

Fungal and parasitic infections

Syphilis

Viral infections including HIV

Sarcoidosis

Opportunistic infections

Prion diseases

Neuro-oncology

Classification

Primary neoplasms (astrocytic, oligodendroglial, ependymal, choroid plexus, neuronal)

Molecular markers

Pineal tumors

Embryonal tumors

Schwannoma

Neurofibroma

Meningiomas

Non-meningothelial tumors

Lymphomas

Hematopoietic neoplasms

Metastases

Pituitary

Normal pituitary

Adenomas

Other sellar lesions

Encephalopathy due to intoxications, drugs, vitamin deficiencies, and metabolic diseases

Cerebral hypoxia

Electrolyte disturbances

Hyponatremia

Hypernatremia

Vitamin deficiencies

Toxic encephalopathies related to CNS toxins

Secondary CNS involvement in systemic diseases

Biochemical abnormalities

Rare disorders

Lysosomal storage disorders

Sphingolipidoses

Leukodystrophies

Mucopolysaccharidoses

Aminoacidopathies

Peroxisomal disorders

Mitochondrial disorders

Glycogen storage diseases

Enzyme deficiencies without storage problems

Metabolic disorder

Disorders of structural proteins

Degenerative/ demyelinating diseases

Multiple sclerosis

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis

Neuromyelitis optica

Dementia:

Classification of dementia

Alzheimer disease

Dementia with Lewy bodies

Vascular dementia

Hippocampal sclerosis

Movement disorders

Cerebellar degenerations

Motor neuron diseases

Involvement of autonomic nervous system in degenerative disorders

Hydrocephalus

Cerebrovascular disease

Aneurysmal subarachnoid and intraventricular hemorrhage

Hypertensive cerebrovascular disease

CAS

Vascular malformations

Aneurysms

Arteriovenous malformation

Cavernous malformation

Dural arteriovenous fistula

Small vessel disease

CADASIL

Vasculitis

Microbleeds

Stroke and lacunar infarcts

Venous pathology

CNS Trauma – cranial/spinal

Classification of TBI

Scalp/skull lesions

Concussion

Contusions/lacerations

Hemorrhage

Epidural hematoma (EDH)

Subdural hematomas (SDH)

Traumatic SAH

Intraventricular hemorrhage

DAI

Penetrating injuries, blast injuries

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy

Pediatric head injury

Skull fractures

Herniation syndromes

Subfalcine

Uncal

Tonsillar

Spinal shock

Spinal cord syndromes

Spine trauma – axial and subaxial fractures

Spinal developmental lesions

Lipoma

Tethered cord

Diastematomyelia

Neuroenteric cysts

Arachnoid cysts

Spinal tumors and spinal infections, infarcts, inflammatory diseases, degenerative

Bone tumors

Epidural lesions

Intradural – extramedullary

Intramedullary tumors

Metastases

Osteomyelitis

Abscess

Transverse myelitis

ALS

Polio

Rheumatoid arthritis

Spondylosis

Stenosis

OPLL

Spinal infarcts

Nerve root sleeve CSF cysts

Peripheral nerve disorders, nm junction diseases/muscle diseases

Skeletal muscle pathology

Stains

Fiber type

Neurogenic atrophy

Neuromuscular transmission defects

Genetic diseases of skeletal muscle (muscular dystrophies)

Congenital myopathies

Metabolic myopathies

Toxic myopathies

Rhabdomyolysis

Inflammatory myopathies

Peripheral nerve histology

Normal anatomy - axons, myelin, etc.

Reaction of peripheral nerve to disease pathology

Demyelination

Axonal loss

Inflammatory polyneuropathies

Infectious/vasculitic paraneoplastic neuropathies

Monoclonal gammopathies

Nutritional/toxic neuropathies

Hereditary motor-sensory neuropathies

Porphyria

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